2022 Artifacts
Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Watercolour Palette
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Where was this artifact found?
This watercolour palette was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of a whiteware or refined white earthenware. A maker’s mark on the underside reads “James Newman 24 Soho Square”.
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What was this artifact used for?
This watercolour palette is of a type commonly found in artist’s boxes of the period. It has three wells to hold different colours. This palette was likely a personal possession, from an officer's artist box.
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What do we know about this artifact?
James Newman was one of the leading artists’ supply firms in London, located at 24 Soho Square from 1801 to 1937. Many officers on the expedition were skilled artists. The palette may have been used for recreational painting purposes or for the creation of colour illustrations for scientific purposes, or to document the ship’s voyage.
Watercolour Palette
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Where was this artifact found?
This watercolour palette was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of a whiteware or refined white earthenware. A maker’s mark on the underside reads “James Newman 24 Soho Square”.
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What was this artifact used for?
This watercolour palette is of a type commonly found in artist’s boxes of the period. It has three wells to hold different colours. This palette was likely a personal possession, from an officer's artist box.
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What do we know about this artifact?
James Newman was one of the leading artists’ supply firms in London, located at 24 Soho Square from 1801 to 1937. Many officers on the expedition were skilled artists. The palette may have been used for recreational painting purposes or for the creation of colour illustrations for scientific purposes, or to document the ship’s voyage.
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑳᐱᑕᐅᑉ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑯᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᒋᔭᒥᓂᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᔭᕐᕋᖅ ᒪᕐᕋᓴᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᒫᒃ “James Newman 24 Soho Square”.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᒦᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔨᓄᑦ. ᐱᖓᕼᐅᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᑯᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᖓᓂᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᓅᒪᓐ ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔨᓗᐊᑕᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᓚᓐᑕᒻᒥ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂ 24 ᓱᕼᐅ ᓱᑯᐃᓪ 1801−ᒥ 1937−ᒧ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ. ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃ ᒥᖑᐊᖅᑖ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓂᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓᓂ.
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑳᐱᑕᐅᑉ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑯᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᒋᔭᒥᓂᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᔭᕐᕋᖅ ᒪᕐᕋᓴᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᒫᒃ “James Newman 24 Soho Square”.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᒦᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔨᓄᑦ. ᐱᖓᕼᐅᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᑯᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᖓᓂᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᓅᒪᓐ ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔨᓗᐊᑕᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᓚᓐᑕᒻᒥ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂ 24 ᓱᕼᐅ ᓱᑯᐃᓪ 1801−ᒥ 1937−ᒧ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ. ᐊᒥᐊᕆᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃ ᒥᖑᐊᖅᑖ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓂᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓᓂ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Book Cover or Folio
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Where was this artifact found?
This leather book cover or folio was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s Pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The object is made of embossed leather, produced using a heated, engraved plate pressed onto the leather rather than being hand tooled. Conservation treatment will reveal if any paper or interior contents have survived.
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What was this artifact used for?
The original owner of the artifact is unknown, but it may have belonged to an officer or Captain’s Steward Edmund Hoar. When recovered, part of a small feather or quill was visible protruding near the spine.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The book cover or folio is decorated on both sides with an elaborate, embossed arabesque design depicting three or four long-legged birds, likely cranes, within a dense foliage of leaves and ferns. Erebus and Terror were amply supplied with written material. Together, the libraries of both vessels contained approximately 3,000 books and magazines, including technical manuals, accounts from previous expeditions, bibles, plays, and novels for the officers and crew.
Book Cover or Folio
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Where was this artifact found?
This leather book cover or folio was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s Pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The object is made of embossed leather, produced using a heated, engraved plate pressed onto the leather rather than being hand tooled. Conservation treatment will reveal if any paper or interior contents have survived.
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What was this artifact used for?
The original owner of the artifact is unknown, but it may have belonged to an officer or Captain’s Steward Edmund Hoar. When recovered, part of a small feather or quill was visible protruding near the spine.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The book cover or folio is decorated on both sides with an elaborate, embossed arabesque design depicting three or four long-legged birds, likely cranes, within a dense foliage of leaves and ferns. Erebus and Terror were amply supplied with written material. Together, the libraries of both vessels contained approximately 3,000 books and magazines, including technical manuals, accounts from previous expeditions, bibles, plays, and novels for the officers and crew.
ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᕐᓘ-ᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᐊᒥᖅ ᓯᓚᐱᐊᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑲᑉᑕᓐ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᑭᐊ ᐱᒋᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᒍ ᓇᓗᒋᔭᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒥ ᑳᐱᑕᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᐃᐊᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᕐ ᐱᒋᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᖓ. ᐱᔭᐅᒻᒪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖓ ᓱᓗᕋᓛᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᖑᖅᐸᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᒥᕐᓗᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᒦᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔨᓄᑦ. ᐱᖓᕼᐅᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᑯᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᖓᓂᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᕐᓘ-ᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᔅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᑦᑐᑦ, ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑯᓗᓐᓂᑦ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔫᔮᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓕᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᓂᐅᓖᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑕᑎᒡᒐᕐᔪᐊᓐᖑᐊᕐᓂᑦ, ᐆᔭᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐃᕕᔅᓱᒐᓐᖑᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂ. ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕐᕈᕐ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦᑕᓕᐊᓘᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒃ, ᑕᒪᓂᖃᐃ 3,000−ᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᒪᒃᐱᕌᖅᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᓯᒪᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ, ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖁᑎᓂᒃ, ᐱᓐᖑᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒥ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ.
ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᕐᓘ-ᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᐊᒥᖅ ᓯᓚᐱᐊᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑲᑉᑕᓐ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᑭᐊ ᐱᒋᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᒍ ᓇᓗᒋᔭᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒥ ᑳᐱᑕᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᑑᕗᑦ ᐃᐊᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᕐ ᐱᒋᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᖓ. ᐱᔭᐅᒻᒪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖓ ᓱᓗᕋᓛᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᖑᖅᐸᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᒥᕐᓗᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᒦᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔨᓄᑦ. ᐱᖓᕼᐅᓂᒃ ᐳᑐᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᑯᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐸᓕᐊᖑᔭᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᑲᓪᓚᖓᓂᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖ ᐱᕆᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᕐᓘ-ᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓕᕋᕈᖅ ᐊᓪᓚᔅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᑦᑐᑦ, ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑯᓗᓐᓂᑦ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔫᔮᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓕᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᓂᐅᓖᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑕᑎᒡᒐᕐᔪᐊᓐᖑᐊᕐᓂᑦ, ᐆᔭᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐃᕕᔅᓱᒐᓐᖑᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂ. ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕐᕈᕐ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦᑕᓕᐊᓘᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒃ, ᑕᒪᓂᖃᐃ 3,000−ᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᒪᒃᐱᕌᖅᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᓯᒪᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ, ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖁᑎᓂᒃ, ᐱᓐᖑᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᒥ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Fossil
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Where was this artifact found?
This fossil was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme.
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What material is this artifact made of?
Preliminary analysis by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) indicates that the fossil matrix is a crinoidal/echinoid pack-stone to grainstone, a type of limestone characterized by an abundance of marine invertebrate fragments. Portions of two bivalve or brachiopod shells are visible at opposite ends. Parks Canada and the GSC are working together to attempt to determine the geographic provenance of this and other geological samples which could shed light on the expedition’s route and activities.
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What was this artifact used for?
The fossil may have been collected as a natural history specimen, either by Fairholme himself, or another member of the ship’s crew. The Admiralty’s instructions to Sir John Franklin directed him “to make use of every means in your power to collect and preserve specimens of the animal, mineral and vegetable kingdoms”.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Crew members of Erebus and Terror were actively engaged in scientific work whenever possible, including collecting fossils and other natural history specimens.
Fossil
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Where was this artifact found?
This fossil was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme.
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What material is this artifact made of?
Preliminary analysis by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) indicates that the fossil matrix is a crinoidal/echinoid pack-stone to grainstone, a type of limestone characterized by an abundance of marine invertebrate fragments. Portions of two bivalve or brachiopod shells are visible at opposite ends. Parks Canada and the GSC are working together to attempt to determine the geographic provenance of this and other geological samples which could shed light on the expedition’s route and activities.
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What was this artifact used for?
The fossil may have been collected as a natural history specimen, either by Fairholme himself, or another member of the ship’s crew. The Admiralty’s instructions to Sir John Franklin directed him “to make use of every means in your power to collect and preserve specimens of the animal, mineral and vegetable kingdoms”.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Crew members of Erebus and Terror were actively engaged in scientific work whenever possible, including collecting fossils and other natural history specimens.
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑳᐱᑕᐅᖅᑲᐃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᐅᐊᑐ ᐱᐅᕼᐅᒻ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ) ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᓗ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᕈᖅᑐᓂ, ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓃᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᕈᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᓯᒪᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᓗᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐅᔭᕌᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑖᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓘᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᐃᑦ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᖃᐃ ᐱᐅᕼᐅᒻ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖓᑦᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ “ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᓕᒫᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕐᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓂᓪᓗ”.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕐᕈᕐ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒪᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᓐᖏᓂᓕᒫᖏᓐᓂ, ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᒦᓐᖔᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᑐᖃᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᓂᒃ.
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᑳᐱᑕᐅᖅᑲᐃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᐅᐊᑐ ᐱᐅᕼᐅᒻ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ) ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᓗ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᕈᖅᑐᓂ, ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓃᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᕈᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᓯᒪᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᓗᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐅᔭᕌᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑖᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓘᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᐃᑦ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᖃᐃ ᐱᐅᕼᐅᒻ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖓᑦᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ “ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᓕᒫᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕐᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᓂᓪᓗ”.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᖪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕐᕈᕐ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒪᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᓐᖏᓂᓕᒫᖏᓐᓂ, ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᒦᓐᖔᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᑐᖃᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓵᔅᓴᓂᒃ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Eyeglass Lens
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Where was this artifact found?
The eyeglass lens was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The lens is made of glass. The oval shape of the lens suggests it was from a pair of corrective eyeglasses.
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What was this artifact used for?
Although it is not known if Le Vesconte wore eyeglasses, it is possible that the thin lanyard visible running across his waistcoat in his 1845 daguerreotype portrait may have secured a pair of spectacles, rather than a watch.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The oval shape and colourless glass of the lens suggest it comes from a pair of spectacles used for correcting vision, rather than a scientific instrument or a pair of snow goggles. Several pairs of spectacles and spectacle lenses from the Franklin Expedition were retrieved from King William Island by 19th-century search expeditions (https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-2177)
Eyeglass Lens
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Where was this artifact found?
The eyeglass lens was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The lens is made of glass. The oval shape of the lens suggests it was from a pair of corrective eyeglasses.
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What was this artifact used for?
Although it is not known if Le Vesconte wore eyeglasses, it is possible that the thin lanyard visible running across his waistcoat in his 1845 daguerreotype portrait may have secured a pair of spectacles, rather than a watch.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The oval shape and colourless glass of the lens suggest it comes from a pair of spectacles used for correcting vision, rather than a scientific instrument or a pair of snow goggles. Several pairs of spectacles and spectacle lenses from the Franklin Expedition were retrieved from King William Island by 19th-century search expeditions (https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-2177)
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᐅᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓕ ᑖᒫᔅ ᑕᓐᑕ ᓕ ᕕᔅᑲᐅᓐ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ ᐃᖮᒐᓚᖑᔪᖅ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᑯᑖᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦᑐᖅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓗᑎᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᐅᖨᒪᖕᖏᑦᕤᖅ ᓖ ᕕᔅᑳᓐᑦ ᐃᖮᒐᒋᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᒋᑦ, ᐊᒥᑦᑐᕈᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᑕᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑕᑭᔪᑯᑖᒥᑦ ᕿᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖓᓂ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ 1845−ᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᖮᒐᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᖮᒐᐅ’ᒥᐊᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᑯᑖᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᖃᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᖮᒑᒃ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓱᒋᔭᒥᓂᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᔅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᕿᓐᓂᑐᖅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ. ᐱᔪᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᒐᓪᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᖮᒐᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᖮᒐᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᖮᒐᓚᖑᔪᓂᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓐᖓᑦ ᑭᖕ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓐᓂ 1800−ᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ (https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-2177)
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ ᓇᖮᕚᖅᑖ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᐅᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓕ ᑖᒫᔅ ᑕᓐᑕ ᓕ ᕕᔅᑲᐅᓐ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᖮᒐᒃ ᐃᖮᒐᓚᖑᔪᖅ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᑯᑖᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦᑐᖅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓗᑎᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᐅᖨᒪᖕᖏᑦᕤᖅ ᓖ ᕕᔅᑳᓐᑦ ᐃᖮᒐᒋᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᒋᑦ, ᐊᒥᑦᑐᕈᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᑕᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑕᑭᔪᑯᑖᒥᑦ ᕿᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖓᓂ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ 1845−ᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᖮᒐᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᖮᒐᐅ’ᒥᐊᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᑯᑖᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᖃᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᖮᒑᒃ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑎᐊᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓱᒋᔭᒥᓂᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᔅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᕿᓐᓂᑐᖅᓯᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ. ᐱᔪᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᒐᓪᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᖮᒐᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᖮᒐᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᖮᒐᓚᖑᔪᓂᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓐᖓᑦ ᑭᖕ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓐᓂ 1800−ᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ (https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-2177)
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Beaker
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Where was this artifact found?
This small beaker was recovered from a seaman's chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus. The chest is a rectangular wooden box divided in half by a partition, of a type visible in contemporary plans of the vessels. Each chest would have been shared by two crew members, used for storing personal possessions, and as a seat when eating at a folding mess table.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The beaker is made of salt-glazed stoneware, a dense pottery fired at high temperatures which means it is non-porous and holds liquids well.
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What was this artifact used for?
The beaker was likely a crewman’s personal belonging and served as a drinking vessel.
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What do we know about this artifact?
While it is possible that this beaker was used for drinking alcohol, its internal volume of approximately 30 ml is too small to hold the daily rum ration of the period, fixed at one imperial gill, or 142 ml.
Beaker
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Where was this artifact found?
This small beaker was recovered from a seaman's chest in the forecastle area on the lower deck of Erebus. The chest is a rectangular wooden box divided in half by a partition, of a type visible in contemporary plans of the vessels. Each chest would have been shared by two crew members, used for storing personal possessions, and as a seat when eating at a folding mess table.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The beaker is made of salt-glazed stoneware, a dense pottery fired at high temperatures which means it is non-porous and holds liquids well.
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What was this artifact used for?
The beaker was likely a crewman’s personal belonging and served as a drinking vessel.
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What do we know about this artifact?
While it is possible that this beaker was used for drinking alcohol, its internal volume of approximately 30 ml is too small to hold the daily rum ration of the period, fixed at one imperial gill, or 142 ml.
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᒦᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓯᕗᐊᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ. ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᖅ ᕿᖪᒃ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᒃ ᐊᕕᔅᓯᒪᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖓ ᑕᐅᑐᖕᓇ`ᒪᑦ ᒫᓇᓕᓴᕐᓄᑦ ᐱᕙᒌᔭᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ. ᐊᑐᓂ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔮᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᔅᓯᕚᕐᕕᐅᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᓂᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓯᕕᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᒃᐸᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒧᑦ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᖅᑎᑐᑦ ᑎᓯᔫᓪᓗᓂ, ᐅᒃᑯᓯᐅᔭᖅ ᐃᑯᐊᓚᒻᒧᑦ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᕿᓪᓛᓲᖑᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᔅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᓴᓇᖨᒧᑦ ᐃᒥᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᔅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐃᓗᑐᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ 30 ml−ᒥᒃ ᒥᑭᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᒥᕈᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ, ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓘᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓗᑐᓪᓗᓂ 142 ml−ᒥᒃ.
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᒦᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓯᕗᐊᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ. ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔭᖅ ᕿᖪᒃ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᒃ ᐊᕕᔅᓯᒪᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖓ ᑕᐅᑐᖕᓇ`ᒪᑦ ᒫᓇᓕᓴᕐᓄᑦ ᐱᕙᒌᔭᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ. ᐊᑐᓂ ᐃᑦᑎᕐᕕᐅᔮᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᔅᓯᕚᕐᕕᐅᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᓂᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓯᕕᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᒃᐸᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒧᑦ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᖅᑎᑐᑦ ᑎᓯᔫᓪᓗᓂ, ᐅᒃᑯᓯᐅᔭᖅ ᐃᑯᐊᓚᒻᒧᑦ ᑎᓯᑦᑎᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᕿᓪᓛᓲᖑᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᔅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᓴᓇᖨᒧᑦ ᐃᒥᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᓪᓗᑦ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᔅᓴᐅᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᐃᓗᑐᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ 30 ml−ᒥᒃ ᒥᑭᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᒥᕈᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ, ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓘᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓗᑐᓪᓗᓂ 142 ml−ᒥᒃ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Pharmacy Bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
This pharmaceutical bottle was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This bottle is made of colourless glass, is cylindrical with a wide base and tapers slightly inward from the base to the shoulder with a matching glass stopper.
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What was this artifact used for?
The bottle contains its original contents, which will be sampled for further analysis. Similar bottles and vials recovered from Erebus were used to store various contents, mostly of a medicinal nature.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This artifact may have been a personal belonging of Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme, as it was recovered from a bed place drawer along with other personal belongings.
Pharmacy Bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
This pharmaceutical bottle was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This bottle is made of colourless glass, is cylindrical with a wide base and tapers slightly inward from the base to the shoulder with a matching glass stopper.
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What was this artifact used for?
The bottle contains its original contents, which will be sampled for further analysis. Similar bottles and vials recovered from Erebus were used to store various contents, mostly of a medicinal nature.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This artifact may have been a personal belonging of Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme, as it was recovered from a bed place drawer along with other personal belongings.
ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᐊᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕕᐅᕼᐅᒻ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᐊᖃᕋᓂ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑕᐅᔨᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑖᓗ ᓯᓕᑦᑑᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖂᑭᓪᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ ᖁᓛᓂᑦ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᒪᑐᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂ ᐊᓕᒎᑉ ᐴᖓᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᕆᒋᐊᙵᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᑲᓐᓂᓕᕐᖃᑕ . ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖏᑦ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᖅ (Erebus) ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᖃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂ ᐃᓅᓕᓴᐅᑎᓂᑦ. ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓂᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᒥᓂᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕗᐅᕼᐅᒻ, ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓪᓕᖓᑕ ᐊᒧᔫᖓᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖁᑎᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᐊᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕕᐅᕼᐅᒻ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᐊᖃᕋᓂ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑕᐅᔨᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑖᓗ ᓯᓕᑦᑑᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖂᑭᓪᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ ᖁᓛᓂᑦ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᒪᑐᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂ ᐊᓕᒎᑉ ᐴᖓᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᕆᒋᐊᙵᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᑲᓐᓂᓕᕐᖃᑕ . ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖏᑦ ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᖅ (Erebus) ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᖃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂ ᐃᓅᓕᓴᐅᑎᓂᑦ. ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓂᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᒥᓂᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕗᐅᕼᐅᒻ, ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓪᓕᖓᑕ ᐊᒧᔫᖓᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖁᑎᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Epaulettes
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Where was this artifact found?
This pair of epaulettes was recovered in a highly degraded box on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
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What material is this artifact made of?
They are made of gold lace over sheet metal. Two layers of gold bullions fringe the bonnet and would have hung down over the wearer’s shoulder. The button on the strap is made of gilt brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
These epaulettes signify rank and are of the type worn by lieutenants in the Royal Navy. A button on the strap was used to attach the epaulette to a coat shoulder. Lieutenants’ epaulettes were slightly smaller than those of commanders and captains, which featured additional emblems in the form of an anchor or crown.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The epaulettes were recovered from a drawer in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Le Vesconte. They are similar to a pair recovered from the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme. The presence of two sets of epaulettes on the wreck suggests that officers deliberately left them behind when the vessel was deserted in April 1848, or that both original owners were deceased by that date.
Epaulettes
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Where was this artifact found?
This pair of epaulettes was recovered in a highly degraded box on the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
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What material is this artifact made of?
They are made of gold lace over sheet metal. Two layers of gold bullions fringe the bonnet and would have hung down over the wearer’s shoulder. The button on the strap is made of gilt brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
These epaulettes signify rank and are of the type worn by lieutenants in the Royal Navy. A button on the strap was used to attach the epaulette to a coat shoulder. Lieutenants’ epaulettes were slightly smaller than those of commanders and captains, which featured additional emblems in the form of an anchor or crown.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The epaulettes were recovered from a drawer in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Le Vesconte. They are similar to a pair recovered from the presumed cabin of Third Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme. The presence of two sets of epaulettes on the wreck suggests that officers deliberately left them behind when the vessel was deserted in April 1848, or that both original owners were deceased by that date.
ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕉ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᖑᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐴᖓ ᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᖓ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑖᒪᔅ ᑕᓐᑕᔅ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᒎᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᑭᓪᓕᖓ ᖄᖓᒍᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓕᕇᒃ ᒎᓘᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖏᒃ. ᓇᔪᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓ ᓂᕕᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑕᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᐃᖓᓄᑦ. ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑎᖓ ᕿᓗᐊᖓᓅᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᓐᓂᕐᓴᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᒧᑦ ᕈᐃᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᕿᓗᐊᑦᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᔪᒥᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᐃᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑎᒋᖓᑕ ᑐᐃᖓᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ. ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦᒧᑦ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᑦ, ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᑭᓴᐅᑎᓐᖑᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓂᐊᖁᕐᒥᐅᑕᓐᖑᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒧᔫᖓᓂ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᖓᑕ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖏᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᖓᑕ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕕᐅᕼᐅᒻ. ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᑦ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᔮᖅᑯᒻᒥ ᕿᒪᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐄᐳᕈ 1848, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕆᐊᖓᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦᓴᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ.
ᐄᔭᒐᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕉ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᖑᓐᓇᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐴᖓ ᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᖓ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑖᒪᔅ ᑕᓐᑕᔅ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᒎᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᑭᓪᓕᖓ ᖄᖓᒍᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓕᕇᒃ ᒎᓘᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖏᒃ. ᓇᔪᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓ ᓂᕕᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑕᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᐃᖓᓄᑦ. ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑎᖓ ᕿᓗᐊᖓᓅᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᓐᓂᕐᓴᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᒧᑦ ᕈᐃᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᕿᓗᐊᑦᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᔪᒥᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᐃᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑎᒋᖓᑕ ᑐᐃᖓᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ. ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦᒧᑦ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᑦ, ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᑭᓴᐅᑎᓐᖑᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓂᐊᖁᕐᒥᐅᑕᓐᖑᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒧᔫᖓᓂ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᖓᑕ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖏᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᖓᑕ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᕗᐊᑐ ᕕᐅᕼᐅᒻ. ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᑦ ᑐᐃᒻᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᔮᖅᑯᒻᒥ ᕿᒪᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐄᐳᕈ 1848, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕆᐊᖓᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦᓴᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2022
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2022
Pistol Case
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Where was this artifact found?
This pistol case was recovered from the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The rectangular wooden case is fitted with copper alloy hinges on one side and a lock plate with a keyhole on the other. Radiographic examination revealed that the case contained a percussion lock pistol and a small rectangular box with 10 percussion caps.
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What was this artifact used for?
The features of the pistol, along with its location in the presumed Second Lieutenant’s cabin suggest that it was a personal possession rather than an officially issued weapon.
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What do we know about this artifact?
No marks identifying the maker or owner of this weapon have been observed, but the case appears to have been specifically manufactured for the weapon. In addition to a box containing 10 percussion caps, a ramrod was found in a partitioned area along the hinged side of the case. The pistol conforms to a popular naval pattern of the period with a wooden stock, steel barrel, trigger guard with rear finger-spur, and flat brass butt cap. The Royal Navy first issued pistols with percussion locks in 1840-41, but these weapons had a shorter barrel, a lanyard ring attached to the butt cap, and lacked a finger-spur on the trigger guard.
Pistol Case
-
Where was this artifact found?
This pistol case was recovered from the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
-
What material is this artifact made of?
The rectangular wooden case is fitted with copper alloy hinges on one side and a lock plate with a keyhole on the other. Radiographic examination revealed that the case contained a percussion lock pistol and a small rectangular box with 10 percussion caps.
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What was this artifact used for?
The features of the pistol, along with its location in the presumed Second Lieutenant’s cabin suggest that it was a personal possession rather than an officially issued weapon.
-
What do we know about this artifact?
No marks identifying the maker or owner of this weapon have been observed, but the case appears to have been specifically manufactured for the weapon. In addition to a box containing 10 percussion caps, a ramrod was found in a partitioned area along the hinged side of the case. The pistol conforms to a popular naval pattern of the period with a wooden stock, steel barrel, trigger guard with rear finger-spur, and flat brass butt cap. The Royal Navy first issued pistols with percussion locks in 1840-41, but these weapons had a shorter barrel, a lanyard ring attached to the butt cap, and lacked a finger-spur on the trigger guard.
Pistol Case
-
Where was this artifact found?
This pistol case was recovered from the lower deck of Erebus, in the presumed cabin of Second Lieutenant Henry Thomas Dundas Le Vesconte.
-
What material is this artifact made of?
The rectangular wooden case is fitted with copper alloy hinges on one side and a lock plate with a keyhole on the other. Radiographic examination revealed that the case contained a percussion lock pistol and a small rectangular box with 10 percussion caps.
-
What was this artifact used for?
The features of the pistol, along with its location in the presumed Second Lieutenant’s cabin suggest that it was a personal possession rather than an officially issued weapon.
-
What do we know about this artifact?
No marks identifying the maker or owner of this weapon have been observed, but the case appears to have been specifically manufactured for the weapon. In addition to a box containing 10 percussion caps, a ramrod was found in a partitioned area along the hinged side of the case. The pistol conforms to a popular naval pattern of the period with a wooden stock, steel barrel, trigger guard with rear finger-spur, and flat brass butt cap. The Royal Navy first issued pistols with percussion locks in 1840-41, but these weapons had a shorter barrel, a lanyard ring attached to the butt cap, and lacked a finger-spur on the trigger guard.
ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᐅᑉ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ Hᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑖᒪᔅ ᑕᓐᑕᔅ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐃᓪᓘᐄᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᖏᒃ ᓴᓂᕌᒍᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕐᕕᖓᒍᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐴᖓ 10−ᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᖓ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᐅᑉ, ᓇᒦᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᐱᒋᔭᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑐᖏᓕᖓᓄ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᐅᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑎ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅᑕᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᖓᓄ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑐᕌᖓᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᓂ 10−ᖏᕐᑐᕐᓗᓂᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ, ᐊᔭᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᕕᒃ. ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖓ, ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕐᑐᓂᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᑕ ᑐᓄᐊᒍᑦ , ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᓂᕋᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᕿᓪᓕᕐᓯᓯᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᖏᒃ. ᕈᐃᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᓂᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ1840-1841−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ , ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᑦ ᓇᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ, ᕿᓚᕈᑎᖓ ᑭᓚᑦᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᐊᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕋᓂ ᕿᓗᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᓂ.
ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᐅᑉ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ Hᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑖᒪᔅ ᑕᓐᑕᔅ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐃᓪᓘᐄᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᖏᒃ ᓴᓂᕌᒍᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕐᕕᖓᒍᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐴᖓ 10−ᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᖓ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᐅᑉ, ᓇᒦᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᐱᒋᔭᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑐᖏᓕᖓᓄ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᐅᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑎ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅᑕᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᖓᓄ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑐᕌᖓᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᓂ 10−ᖏᕐᑐᕐᓗᓂᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ, ᐊᔭᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᕕᒃ. ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖓ, ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕐᑐᓂᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᑕ ᑐᓄᐊᒍᑦ , ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᓂᕋᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᕿᓪᓕᕐᓯᓯᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᖏᒃ. ᕈᐃᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᓂᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ1840-1841−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ , ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᑦ ᓇᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ, ᕿᓚᕈᑎᖓ ᑭᓚᑦᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᐊᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕋᓂ ᕿᓗᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᓂ.
ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑦᑎᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑐᖏᓕᐅᑉ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ Hᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᑖᒪᔅ ᑕᓐᑕᔅ ᓕ ᕕᐊᔅᑳᓐᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐃᓪᓘᐄᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᖏᒃ ᓴᓂᕌᒍᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕐᕕᖓᒍᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑯᑖᖅ ᐴᖓ 10−ᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᖓ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᐅᑉ, ᓇᒦᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᐱᒋᔭᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑐᖏᓕᖓᓄ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᓐᑦ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᐅᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑎ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅᑕᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᔭᖓᓄ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑐᕌᖓᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᒧᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᓂ 10−ᖏᕐᑐᕐᓗᓂᖁᑭᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ, ᐊᔭᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᕕᒃ. ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖓ, ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕐᑐᓂᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᑕ ᑐᓄᐊᒍᑦ , ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᓂᕋᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᕿᓪᓕᕐᓯᓯᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᖏᒃ. ᕈᐃᔪ ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᓂᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ1840-1841−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ , ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᓇᖅᑑᑎᑦ ᓇᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑦᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ, ᕿᓚᕈᑎᖓ ᑭᓚᑦᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᐊᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᓗᕕᖃᕋᓂ ᕿᓗᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᔾᔪᑎᖓᓂ.
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