© Aaron Maizlish
Black Swift
Kootenay National Park
Quick facts
Eats flying insects
Nests in rock crevices near waterfalls
Lays only one egg per year
Lives up to 16 years
SARA status: Endangered (2019)
Black swifts can be identified by their dark feathers, notched tails, and long, curved wings. However, they are often just a tiny speck in the sky! Black swifts spend most of their time flying at high altitudes. They eat aerial insects, including swarms of winged ants. At dusk, black swifts return to nests built on cliff walls, usually in the shade of a canyon with a waterfall nearby.
Where they live
In Kootenay National Park, Marble Canyon has the largest known population of black swifts across the mountain national parks. Mossy nests are hidden on ledges, and cracks and crevices in the canyon walls.
After enjoying their summer breeding grounds in the Canadian Rockies, black swifts migrate to Central and South America. These seasonal flights can cover more than 6000 km.
Ledges and cracks in the walls of Marble Canyon are good nesting sites.
Why they are at risk
Flying insect declines
Globally, flying insect populations are declining. This means less food for black swifts. Although the declines are not well understood, possible causes are:
- pesticides used to control weeds, insects and fungus
- agricultural practices that affect soil and water
- global warming and extreme weather
- destruction of wetlands
Climate change
A warming climate and extreme weather events could impact black swifts in many ways. For example, black swifts prefer nesting sites near running water. Drought, shrinking glaciers and decreasing snowpack levels could result in a loss of this habitat.
Human development and activity
Black swifts migrate to Central and South America. In these regions, agriculture and deforestation affect black swift habitat.
How Parks Canada is helping
Monitoring
The black swift population in Marble Canyon is monitored by:
- Counting birds as they leave and return to their nests at sunrise and sunset.
- Doing visual surveys with thermal cameras.
- Flying drones into hard-to-reach areas to locate nesting sites. A special permit is required for this work, and drones are only used in winter when black swifts aren’t present.
Using recreational drones in Kootenay National Park is prohibited. Anyone caught operating a drone within park boundaries may result in law enforcement action and a fine of up to $25,000.Parks Canada staff are actively looking for other nesting sites in Kootenay National Park. Potential sites are identified using the World Waterfall Database, public sightings on ebird.org, and reports from local bird experts.
Protecting nesting sites
In the national parks, black swifts and their nests are protected by law under the National Parks Act, the Migratory Birds Convention Act, and Canada’s Species at Risk Act. It is illegal to harm or disturb black swifts and their occupied or unoccupied nests. Violators will be charged, be required to appear in court, and could pay fines up to $25 000.
Known nesting sites in Marble Canyon have an extra layer of protection because there is no foot access into the canyon. The public trail follows the canyon rim and is well-fenced.
How you can help
Learn to identify black swifts and their nests to avoid disturbing them. Do not rock climb or rappel in areas where black swifts are nesting. Do not ice climb near nests.
Parks Canada checks ebird.org for reports of black swifts in the national parks. Share your sightings and become a citizen scientist!
Learn more
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