Table of Contents

1. Context
2. Purpose
3. Scope
4. Related Authorities
5. Roles and Responsabilities
6. Hazard Prevention Methodology
7. Task Inventory
8. Task Hazard Analysis (THA)
9. Risk Analysis
10. Safe Work Practices (SWP) and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
11. Other Types of Hazard Assessments
12. Occupational Health Monitoring
13. Approval and Implementation of Control Measures
14. Consultation Process for Developing or Updating THA/SWP/SOP
15. Training and Education
16. Review and Documentation
17. Compliance
18. Monitoring and Evaluation
19. Liaison
20. Revisions
21. Enquiries
22. References and Resources
23. Annexes

Annexes

A: Definitions and Acronyms

B: Task Inventory Process Flowchart

B1: Task Hazard Analysis (THA) Process Flowchart

B2: SWP and SOP Implementation Process

B3: Consultation Process for Developing or Updating THA/SWP/SOP

C: Workplace Hazards (examples)

D: Strategies for Improving Psychological HEalth and Safety at Work

E: Risk Estimator Matrix (Rating Table)

 

Hazard Prevention Standard

1. CONTEXT

Parks Canada (PC) must ensure that every reasonable precaution is taken to protect the health and safety of all employees. By following the requirements of the Hazard Prevention Standard, we enable workplace parties and stakeholders to work together, exercise due diligence, and be proactive in the prevention of occupational hazards.

The Hazard Prevention Standard is a crucial tool to assist managers and supervisors, employees, and local occupational health and safety committees or representatives in the identification, assessment, and control of occupational hazards employees may be exposed to in the course of their duties, through an approach that meets legal requirements and applicable standards.

This Standard explains how workplace parties address occupational hazards and should be read in conjunction with the Hazard Prevention Directive and any relevant programs applicable to the work.

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2. PURPOSE

The Hazard Prevention Standard, in conjunction with the Hazard Prevention Directive, supports PC’s commitment to occupational health and safety by providing information and tools to implement and monitor a program for the prevention of occupational hazards in accordance with Part II of the Canada Labour Code (CLC-II) and Part XIX (Hazard Prevention Program) of the Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (COHSR). Managers and supervisors have a responsibility for overseeing work being performed and have a legal obligation to ensure the health and safety of employees.

This Standard allows for a proactive approach to the systematic examination of the hazards related to all tasks by quantifying the associated levels of risk and recommending appropriate control measures, including training and education. This Standard will help to articulate the requirement for risk analysis through task hazard analyses (THAs) and other types of hazard assessments with the goal of eliminating or minimizing all risks through identification, assessment, and control of occupational hazards, including psychosocial hazards, within Parks Canada controlled workplaces, and anywhere that work is performed for PC, to the extent PC controls the work activity.

Additionally, the workplace plays a large part in the daily life of employees, each of whom have their own set of needs to be satisfied to achieve psychological well-being. These needs can become psychosocial risk factors when not satisfied. Although there are external factors that can impact an employee’s psychological well-being at work, the Hazard Prevention Standard addresses the psychological health and safety aspects that are within the control and responsibility of the employer and can influence or impact employees while at work. This Standard describes the requirements for a documented and systematic approach to creating and sustaining a psychologically healthy and safe workplace.

Where control measures such as elimination, substitution, engineering, and administrative controls are not possible or not fully effective, managers/supervisors will issue personal protective equipment (PPE) to employees to further prevent injury and/or occupational diseases and follow program requirements for the provision of PPE and any other related programs. While most control measures relate to organizationalcontrols, there are also personal controls that may be useful in managing psychosocial risk factors (refer to Figure A1 – Control Measures).

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3. SCOPE

This Standard applies to all Parks Canada workplaces and tasks performed by Parks Canada employees and is primarily aimed at critical tasks, and tasks that have the potential to seriously affect employees’ physical, psychological, and environmental well-being at work. It is intended to assist managers/supervisors inventory tasks, perform risk analyses, develop task hazard analyses (THAs), and select appropriate control measures, including the development of safe work practices (SWPs) and/or standard operating procedures (SOPs), and identify training requirements for employees.

The application of this Standard extends to any work or task performed on behalf of, and under the direction and control of, Parks Canada.

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4. RELATED AUTHORITIES

The Hazard Prevention Standard was developed by the Parks Canada National OHS and Wellness Team, Human Resources and Employee Wellness Directorate, in consultation with relevant subject matter experts and stakeholders.

This Standard is issued under the authority of the Hazard Prevention Directive and approved by the Vice-President, Human Resources and Employee Wellness (VPHREW).

Both documents (Directive and Standard) are part of Parks Canada’s OHS Accountability Framework, which is a hierarchical suite of documents comprised of the Occupational Health, Safety and Wellness Policy, and the OHS Program which includes a number of supporting policy instruments such as directives, standards (and supplemental procedures, as required), guidelines, and tools.

 

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5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The following roles and responsibilities are specific to the application of this Standard and compliance with the Hazard Prevention Directive, which is the foundational document for hazard prevention at Parks Canada, by describing how these requirements will be met.

5.1 Parks Canada Executives (PCX)

Within their area of authority, PCX will:

• Ensure workplace parties and stakeholders comply with the requirements of this Standard.
• Ensure that THAs and other types of hazard assessments are conducted.
• Approve or endorse selected control measures, as identified in applicable THAs and other types of hazard assessments.
• Ensure the implementation of control measures, including training requirements.
• Ensure that workplace and technical inspections are conducted by:
  • Managers and supervisors on a regular basis as an on-going process for managing hazards.
  • Local OHS committees and OHS representatives each month so that the whole workplace is inspected within a year.
  • Employees through routine and pre/post-task inspections.
  • Qualified persons (internal or external) as part of preventive maintenance and compliance monitoring.
• Ensure the Regional/National OHS Coordinator is provided with newly created or revised THAs, SWPs and SOPs.
• Ensure inventories of applicable SWPs and SOPs are maintained locally.
• Ensure consultation with the local OHS committee or representative on local hazard prevention.
• Consult with the Regional/National OHS Coordinator to find solutions for managing hazard prevention.

Note 1: Although Parks Canada Executives (PCX) hold the accountability for OHS within their area of authority, local OHS responsibilities may be delegated, as required, to managers and supervisors and to relevant stakeholders when appropriate.

 

5.2 Managers and Supervisors

Within their area of responsibility, managers and supervisors will:

• Comply with the requirements of this Standard and of relevant policy instruments, including applicable training requirements. 
• Compile task inventories for all positions within their area of responsibility.
• Identify and assess all known and foreseeable hazards, including ergonomic and psychosocial hazards, related to tasks performed by employees.
• Develop, if none exist, or update appropriate THAs, SWPs and SOPs in collaboration with experienced employees and subject matter experts (SME) to ensure accuracy.
• Conduct other types of hazard assessments in accordance with this Standard.
• Inform employees of every known or foreseeable health or safety hazard applicable to the workplace.
• Conduct regular inspections of the workplace as an on-going process for managing hazards and monitor results of technical inspections (compliance or preventive maintenance) performed by qualified persons (internal or external).
• Develop preventive maintenance programs for tools, machinery, and equipment used in the workplace.
• Identify existing THAs, SWPs and SOPs that are applicable to employees under their responsibility.
• Identify safety-sensitive positions in their respective work-unit, program, or branch.
• Provide the information, instruction, training and education, and supervision to employees on tasks they perform, associated hazards, and preventive measures as per relevant THAs and other types of hazard assessments. Correct any unsafe acts and practices.
• Ensure that employees review and become knowledgeable of every THA, SWP and SOP applicable to their work. This must be done at a minimum annually, with new employees, every time any of these documents are created or updated, or as identified by the employer.
• Ensure employees are able to recognize situations that may result in psychological harm.
• Promote all available resources to support employees’ wellness and provide appropriate assistance to affected employees, whether their mental health is affected by internal or external factors.
• Implement approved/endorsed control measures as identified in applicable THAs, including the provision of required personal protective equipment (PPE).  
• Maintain an inventory of SWPs/SOPs used within their work unit, section, program, or branch.
• Request required health evaluations for employees in accordance with Parks Canada Occupational Health Monitoring Program (OHMP).
• Ensure employees are fit for duty and capable of performing their duties in accordance with established work procedures and/or SWPs/SOPs before any work is performed.  
• Select and implement appropriate accommodation[1] measures for employees when restrictions and/or limitations are identified and review them periodically.
• Keep and maintain records of training and education, including certification, and personal protective equipment (PPE) for each employee including documentation such as the OHS Training and Education Attestation Form for two (2) years after the employee ceases to be exposed to a hazard.
• Review THAs, SWPs and SOPs as required in accordance with this Standard.
• Consult appropriate personnel and stakeholders (e.g., employees, other program staff, subject matter experts, local OHS committee or representative, Regional/National OHS coordinator, National OHS and Wellness Team) on proposed revisions to existing THAs/SWPs/SOPs or as necessary.
• Provide information as necessary to the local OHS committee or representative and to the Regional/National OHS Coordinator for data collection and reporting purposes.

Note 2: If necessary, or if called upon, higher-level management will review THAs/SWPs/SOPs written by managers/supervisors to verify their appropriateness prior to approving. They will also verify the required resources for training and PPE to allocate sufficient resources in their area of authority.

 

5.3 Employees

• Comply with the requirements of this Standard and of relevant policy instruments, including complying with employer instructions and training requirements.
• Participate in THA and other types of hazard assessments in accordance with this Standard.
• Identify workplace hazards and take appropriate action immediately, such as reporting the hazard to the responsible manager/supervisor to implement corrective measures.
• Perform routine and pre/post-task inspections in accordance with established practices.
• Review, understand and attest in writing all SWPs and SOPs that apply to their work as part of their duties.
• Comply with applicable SWPs and SOPs when performing their duties.
• Participate in and attest in writing successful completion of mandatory and job-specific OHS training applicable to them, and as prescribed in relevant THAs, SWPs and SOPs.
• Report to work fit for duty or notify manager/supervisor of any health concerns that may impact their ability to safely perform the assigned work. Report if they observe an employee who may not be fit for duty.
• Inform their manager/supervisor of any restrictions, limitations, and accommodation needs and collaborate throughout the process (i.e., participate in the implementation of measures, participate in ongoing discussions on progress, etc.).
• Contribute to and actively participate in safety meeting discussions.
• Use and maintain assigned personal protective equipment (PPE) as provided by the employer and as prescribed in relevant THAs, SWPs and SOPs.

5.4 Local OHS Committees / OHS Representatives

• Comply with the requirements of this Standard and of relevant policy instruments, including applicable training requirements.
• Participate in THA and other types of hazard assessment processes.
• Participate in the implementation and monitoring of hazard prevention at the local level.
• Conduct monthly workplace inspections and monitor results of technical inspections (compliance or preventive maintenance) performed by qualified persons (internal or external).
• Review and monitor local inventories of identified positions, as well as participate in the local implementation of SWPs/SOPs.
• Report on the effectiveness of the Hazard Prevention Standard through the review of annual reports, Hazardous Occurrence Investigation Reports (HOIRs), OHS complaints, work refusals, and workplace inspections.
• Report gaps regarding local implementation and compliance with this Standard to local management and the National OHS Policy Committee when applicable.

5.5 Human Resources Managers (HRM)

• Provide advice, guidance, and support as required as it relates to this Standard and of relevant policy instruments.
• Collaborate as necessary with local OHS committees or representatives, Regional/National OHS Coordinators, and the National OHS and Wellness Team.
• Provide information as necessary to the local OHS committee or representative and to the Regional/National OHS Coordinator for data collection and reporting purposes.

 5.6 Regional/National OHS Coordinators

• Provide advice and guidance as it relates to the implementation of the Hazard Prevention Program and of relevant policy instruments.
• Support field/business units in the implementation of this Standard.
• Collect newly created THAs, SWPs and SOPs and conduct a cyclical review for inclusion in the national inventory for future reference and use.
• Participate in the development of preventive measures, including an OHS training program and educational materials, and monitor local implementation.
• Participate in the development, review, and delivery of OHS training and education.
• Consult with the National OHS and Wellness Team and liaise between the national office and the local levels.

 5.7 National OHS and Wellness Team

• Provide expert advice and guidance on matters of occupational health and safety as it relates to the development and implementation of the Hazard Prevention Program and related policy instruments.
• Establish and maintain a national inventory of generic task hazard analyses (THAs), safe work practices (SWPs) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) that will be the national standard across the agency.
• Consult with the National OHS Policy Committee and senior management as necessary.
• Develop and implement an OHS training program and educational material in collaboration with the Regional/National OHS Coordinators and subject matter experts.
• Develop, review, and deliver OHS training and education.
• Oversee the review of this Program at least every three (3) years and make recommendations to the VPHREW for revision as necessary in consultation with stakeholders and the National OHS Policy Committee.

 5.8 National Occupational Health and Safety Policy Committee (NOHSPC)

• Participate in the development, implementation, and review of the Hazard Prevention Standard including monitoring, reporting, auditing, training, and all other components that concern hazard prevention at Parks Canada.

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6. HAZARD PREVENTION METHODOLOGY

It is important to distinguish hazard from risk: a hazard is defined as any potential source of damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone, and a risk is the likelihood of that potential harm being realized. Harm means a physical/psychological injury or damage to health.

The methodology used to manage hazards in the workplace includes the following:

• Identifying hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification)
• Analyzing and evaluating the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis)
• Determining appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control) 

6.1 Hazard Identification

The methodical identification of hazards in the workplace is an essential component of a hazard prevention program. Hazard identification considers foreseeable hazards/hazardous events and the potential of harm to employees. It considers objects (e.g., equipment, tools, machinery), chemical, biological, physical, safety, psychosocial, and ergonomic hazards, as well as human behaviours (physical or cognitive interactions). It includes potentially hazardous situations that could arise during emergencies and extraordinary circumstances, as well as potential causes of impairment.

The first step to identify hazards is the compilation of an inventory of tasks for each Parks Canada Directorate, Business/Field Unit, Work Unit, Section, Program, Division or Branch (refer to section 7 – Task Inventory).

6.1.1 Identification Techniques

To complete the hazard identification, techniques used to identify hazards may include:

• Task Hazard Analysis (THA) or other types of hazard assessments
• Workplace Assessments (WA) specific to harassment and violence
• Workplace inspections
• Investigation reports, including hazardous occurrence investigation reports (HOIRs)
• Potential accident or incident factors
• Failure analysis

Parks Canada will document the hazard identification (and assessment) process through a task hazard analysis (THA) form. Other forms include the Workplace Assessment (WA) Form, which is specific to harassment and violence risk factors, and the Daily Hazard Assessment (DHA) Form as well as the Field Level Hazard Assessment (FLHA) Form which are mostly used for non-routine work/projects.

To facilitate the hazard identification process, examples of workplace hazards (refer to Annex C) as well as the national inventory of OHS hazards (refer to section 22 for link), which include a list[2] of hazards that apply to many Parks Canada workplaces, can be used by field/business units to identify/list hazards related to a task/activity.

 

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7. TASK INVENTORY

An inventory of all tasks must be compiled by managers/supervisors in collaboration with employees performing those tasks within a work unit/section/program/branch; this is the first step in the overall THA process. The number of task inventories will depend on the variety of positions within each work unit/section/program/branch.

 7.1 Methodology

• Managers/supervisors, in collaboration with employees performing those tasks, compile all tasks performed by employees in their area of responsibility, including tasks where ergonomic and psychosocial hazards may be present.
• Managers/supervisors consult employees for further information regarding these tasks.
• Managers/supervisors add the tasks to the Task Inventory form.
  • Refer to Figure 2A for an example.
  • A link to a sample form can be found in section 22 (References and Resources) of this Standard.

7.2 Developing a Task Inventory

Managers/supervisors and employees will collaborate to complete task inventories. Together, they will list all the tasks, including those with ergonomic and psychosocial hazards, performed by employees. They will draw on staff experience and previous task hazard analyses (THA), safe work practices (SWPs) and standard operating procedures (SOPs), as if no hazard reduction procedures were in place[3]. This determination will not be limited to short-term or obvious risks. It is important to include potential hazards and conditions that can develop over time such as:

• Exposure to respiratory hazards that may pose health problems.
• Ergonomic related injuries (e.g., musculoskeletal disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, tendinitis, muscle strains and back injuries).
• Psychosocial hazards that can adversely affect an employee’s psychological well-being (examples include, but are not limited to: excessive workload, shift-work, working alone, unmet need for accommodation, incivility, lack of respect and exclusion, harassment and violence, discrimination).

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8. TASK HAZARD ANALYSIS (THA)

The Hazard Prevention Standard focuses on tasks and the exposure to conditions that pose risks to employees using the process of a task hazard analysis (THA), sometimes referred to as a hazard or risk assessment, task safety analysis, job hazard analysis, and job safety analysis. For the purpose of this standard, the terms THA and hazard assessment may be used interchangeably.

A THA is the process which assesses a task to identify hazards and determine control measures to recommend the safest way to carry out the task. The purpose of hazard identification (by means of a THA) is to break down the basic steps of a task to identify potential hazards, as well as highlight those hazards pertaining to equipment, energy sources, working conditions or activities performed. The hazards are then assessed (to determine risk level); preventive (control) measures are considered and implemented by applying the hierarchy of controls. Finally, the risk level for each hazard is re-assessed following the implementation of controls to ensure that exposure to those hazards is at an acceptable risk level.

When “critical tasks” (i.e., a task that has an assessed risk level of moderate or higher) are identified, a safe work practices (SWP) or standard operating procedure (SOP) must be developed as part of an administrative control measure. Not all THAs will require a SWP or SOP, as other supporting documents such as the manufacturer’s instructions or existing standard operating procedures, equipment manual, existing policies/procedures, etc., may be sufficient for use; in those cases, the THA must refer to those guidance documents as part of selected control measures.   

A THA is a management tool for listing all known and foreseeable hazards associated with each step of a particular task and control measures to mitigate those hazards. It is not meant to be a stand-alone document, used alone as a training tool, or to replace work procedures. A THA is meant to be used in conjunction with applicable SWP or SOP to inform employees of the hazards and how to perform the task safely.

 

Note 6: Parks Canada Executives (PCX) must ensure the THA process is implemented in their area of responsibility and led by managers and supervisors in consultation with employees and the local OHS committee or representative. The THA process includes all information and tools necessary to conduct hazard assessments and implement these requirements at the local level.

 

8.1 Development of a Task Hazard Analysis (THA):

• A THA breaks down a task of a given position into basic steps (from 1 to no more than 10 steps). Each step is evaluated to identify hazards. For each hazard identified, control measures are proposed to reduce the risk level (rating) to an acceptable level. Additional requirements, such as training and certification, are also identified in this document.
• THAs are most comprehensive and effective when completed jointly by the manager/supervisor and experienced employees who know the task well and can contribute first-hand knowledge to the process.
• For the purpose of developing THAs, managers/supervisors will refer to any relevant manufacturer’s instructions, existing standard operating procedures (SOP) or manual, or existing safety procedures. They may need to engage the assistance of internal or external expertise to assist in fully understanding the hazards and appropriate control measures required.

A template for the development of THAs can be found in the Hazard Assessment Procedure (refer to section 22 – References and Resources for link).

• Managers/supervisors will first check the national THA/SWP/SOP inventory to access any existing documents for tasks similar to the one being analyzed. If one exists, those resources may be used as is (adopt) if applicable to the duties, operations, environment, and activities. Or they may require minor changes to reflect local circumstances and risk, and may be modified (adapt) accordingly.

 Once the manager/supervisor and their staff have completed the draft THA:

• The Regional/National OHS Coordinator (and local OHS resource if applicable) must be consulted to review the draft or revised THA for format and content and provide suggestions for revision as necessary.
• The local OHS committee or OHS representative will be provided with a copy for their review and recommendations.
• If a SWP/SOP is required for the task, please refer to section 10 of this Standard and the Hazard Assessment Procedure (for further details and “how to” instructions).
• If no SWP/SOP is required for the task, then initiate consultation and review on the THA (refer to section 14 of this Standard for consultation steps).

8.2 THA – Gap Analysis

In consultation with the Regional/National OHS Coordinator, managers/supervisors must carefully review their completed task inventories to determine which tasks require a task hazard analysis (THA) and applicable safe work practice (SWP) or standard operating procedure (SOP) and for which tasks those may already exist. Where a THA/SWP/SOP does not exist for a task, or the existing one does not adequately mitigate the hazards identified in the analysis, a new one will need to be created (there is a possibility that revising a current THA/SWP/SOP would satisfy the requirement). This is called the THA Gap analysis. Managers/supervisors will have to follow the steps to draft new THA/SWP/SOP (refer to section 22 – References and Resources, for link to the Hazard Assessment Procedure).

 8.3   Revisions to existing Task Hazard Analyses (THA)

All existing THAs and other types of hazard assessments are considered to be living documents and will be reviewed/modified at any time when work practices change; legislative requirements change; equipment is changed or new equipment is introduced; an accident, injury/illness, or incident (near miss) occurs, including occurrences of workplace harassment and violence (refer to section 11 and 11.1); new hazard information is made available to the employer; conditions/information associated with a risk and/or hazard change; or at least every three (3) years, whichever comes first.

Tools for implementation: Task Hazard Analysis (THA) form (refer to section 22 for link) Workplace Hazards (examples) (Annex C) Inventory of OHS Hazards (refer to section 22 for link) THA Process Flowchart (Annex B1) THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet (available through the regional/national OHS coordinator) Hazard Assessment Procedure (refer to section 22 for link)

 

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9. RISK ANALYSIS

Assessing risk is a crucial part of the risk analysis and hazard prevention process. The assessment is used by the manager/supervisor in collaboration with their employees to review each task and the associated hazards to determine whether a suspected hazard really exists, and whether an employee could actually be at risk from it. Managers/supervisors must analyze the task as if no hazard reduction procedures were already in place; that is, if someone is performing the task with no knowledge of how to do it properly and with no safety protection.

This process helps managers/supervisors prioritize key tasks to establish the order of priority for the development and implementation of control measures such as safe work practices (SWP) and standard operating procedures (SOP) among other measures. Some tasks may be given higher priority during the analysis. These include:

• Critical tasks (refer to section 9.2);
• Tasks in which accidents or injuries occurred in the past (especially in the case of a serious accident or injury);
• Tasks where a past incident could have caused a serious injury;
• Newly established, modified or infrequently performed tasks and especially tasks where employees are required to work alone, in low light conditions, or in remote locations.

The process of assessing hazards is undertaken by reviewing any available information about the hazard (e.g. a law, regulation, standard, Industry Code of Practice or guidance material about the hazard) and by using personal work experience about what type of accident/incident or illness the hazard could create and how likely this would be to happen. When determining the likelihood of exposure to a hazard or hazardous event, consideration needs to be given to these “exposure factors”:

a) Whether there are any other risk factors that increase the likelihood of exposure;

b) How often the person is exposed (frequency);

c) For how long the person is exposed (duration);

d) How many people are exposed (extent of exposure);

e) The likely dose to which the person is exposed (degree of exposure);

f) Any legislative or recommended exposure levels required by statutory authorities; and

g) Existing controls which are in place.

9.1 Methodology

• Start by reviewing the hazards listed for each step of the task within a THA.
• Using the Risk Estimator Matrix (Rating Table) (refer to Figure 3), calculate the risk level for each hazard identified – before control measures are implemented.
• Next write the risk level rating in the column beside each hazard identified. You may have more than one result depending on the number of hazards listed per each step of the task (one rating per hazard).
• Identify all control measures applicable to each hazard to reduce its risk rating to an acceptable level (ideally aiming to obtain a “low” to “moderate” risk level).
• Using the Risk Estimator Matrix (Rating Table) (refer to Figure 3), recalculate the risk level for each hazard identified – after control measures are implemented.

Consideration must be given to: The amount of time that staff spend performing the task (i.e., rarely, occasionally, frequently); The level of supervision provided for the task; The people who already perform the task; The equipment used to carry out the task; The environment in which the task is performed; The materials used for the task; Ergonomics (repetitive movements, lighting, noise, posture, static posture, work requiring strength, etc.); Potential for harassment and violence in the workplace; Risk factors for fatigue; Time of day or night tasks are performed.  Consideration must also be given to psychosocial risk factors: If group work is involved, how effective are the employees at functioning in a team environment? Are there potential risks for conflict? Will the employees view the tasks to be performed as positive or negative experience? Is it a meaningful task, or might it be considered mundane? Are the employees mentally prepared for the conditions they will be working in, such as working in remote locations and out of regular contact with family and friends? How comfortable are the employees with the known and foreseeable hazards associated with the tasks? How comfortable are the employees with the methods of transportation? How well prepared are the employees for dealing with the public where stress, conflict and violence may be possible? What impact will the workload have on the employees? Could it contribute to the fatigue factor?

  

• The goal in assigning a risk level is to prioritize the hazards (from “severe” risk level down to “low” risk level) and the order in which they should be considered for the development and implementation of appropriate corrective measures.
• Since critical tasks must be prioritized for the implementation of control measures including the development of SWPs and SOPs, you must use the highest risk level obtained within your THA to determine if the task is deemed critical or not. For example, if your THA has 7 hazards listed in total and each have their own assessed risk level (e.g., 4, 6, 8, 16, 20, 10, 5), you will attribute a risk level of 20 (severe) to the task as it is the highest among the risks analyzed. Therefore, that task is deemed critical, and the implementation of control measures must be prioritized before other tasks rated lower (refer to section 9.2 below for additional information on critical tasks).

9.2 Critical Tasks

Assessing risk helps to classify and sort high-risk tasks from low-risk tasks. A critical task is defined as a task that has an assessed risk level of moderate or higher – before control measures are implemented(refer to Figure 3 – Risk Estimator Matrix). 

Determining if a task is critical allows for the following:

• Prioritize the completion and/or review of hazard assessments as well as the implementation of mitigation measures before low-risk tasks and hazards.
• Establishes the requirement for specific control measures, namely the development and use of safe work practices (SWP) and standard operating procedures (SOP).

9.2.1 Critical Tasks at Parks Canada

The following tasks have been deemed “critical tasks”; they must be included in the tasks and mitigation measures prioritized first:

a) Any task where there is a risk of drowning or asphyxiation.

b) Any task requiring the use of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

c) Any task that requires entry into a confined space.

d) Any task requiring the use of a watercraft, aircraft, and/or specialized motor vehicles and motorized equipment on uneven terrain.

e) Any task requiring the use of automated machinery or equipment, including material handling equipment.

f) Any task that involves the direct handling or use of explosive, toxic, reactive, oxidizing, poisonous, infectious, radioactive, flammable, or corrosive substances.

g) Any task involving the use of compressed gases, cryogenics or other substances and laboratory or garage equipment.

h) Any task where an employee is required to climb towers, ship masts or industrial stacks, or any activities involving technical climbing.

i) Any task performed on or near a high-voltage electrical source (>220 volts).

j) Any task with a risk of falling (> 3 meters).

k) Any task with a risk of being crushed.

l) Any task with a risk of amputation.

m) Any task with a risk of temperature extremes.

n) Any task performed in remote locations or under harsh environmental conditions.

o) Any task requiring the use of a firearm.

p) Any task that involves operating heavy fleet and/or equipment.   

q) Any task that requires manual heavy lifting.

r) Any task that exposes an employee to excessive noise (> 85 dBA).

s) Any task that exposes an employee to potentially volatile or violent behaviours (e.g., poachers, criminals, wildlife, unruly visitors, etc.)

t) Any other task, operation or activity involving unusual risk or variable risk; and any task, operation or activity specifically identified by workplace parties (employers, employees, the local OHS committee or representative), stakeholders, subject matter experts (SME), in consultation with the Regional/National OHS Coordinator. 

 

• Image Description (Figure 3 — Risk Estimator Matrix (Rating Table))

  The matrix shows risk as the product of Probability and Severity.

  Probability (rows):
  • Rare (1) – unusual, infrequent, once in 10 years.
  • Unlikely (2) – may occur but not anticipated, about once every 5 years.
  • Somewhat Likely (3) – not uncommon, about once a year.
  • Likely (4) – has occurred before and may occur monthly.
  • Very Likely (5) – occurs regularly, weekly or more.

  Severity (columns):
  • Insignificant (1) – no injury or loss.
  • Minor (2) – first aid or minimal financial loss.
  • Moderate (3) – disabling injury or hospitalization, moderate financial loss.
  • Major (4) – multiple injuries, permanent impairment, high financial loss.
  • Extreme (5) – single/multiple fatalities, massive financial loss.

  Risk Levels:
  • Low: values 1–4 (green).
  • Moderate: values 5–10 (yellow).
  • High: values 12–15 (orange).
  • Severe: values 16–25 (red).
  The lowest risk is Rare × Insignificant = Low (1). The highest risk is Very Likely × Extreme = Severe (25).

Note 7: For further information on how to conduct a hazard assessment from beginning to end, please refer to the Hazard Assessment Procedure document (refer to section 22 for link).

 

• Image Description (Figure 2B – Example of a Task Inventory (List of tasks per position or group of positions) – Completed)

  Table Title: Task Inventory

  Second Row:
  Directorate, Branch, Program, Division/Work Unit/Section Name: Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation (PAEC)

  Third Row:
  • Position or Group of Positions: [not specified]
  • Position Group(s) and Level(s): [not specified]

  Column Headers (Fourth Row):
  • Number (#)
  • Describe Tasks
  • Risk Level
  • Critical Task (Y/N)
  • SWP
  • SOP

  Row 1:
  Task: Working at heights on a tower
  Risk Level: Severe
  Critical Task: Yes
  SWP: [blank]
  SOP: X

  Row 2:
  Task: Lifting boxes
  Risk Level: Moderate
  Critical Task: Yes
  SWP: X
  SOP: [blank]

  Row 3:
  Task: Working in a small boat in open water
  Risk Level: Severe
  Critical Task: Yes
  SWP: X
  SOP: [blank]

  Row 4:
  Task: Working with helicopters
  Risk Level: Severe
  Critical Task: Yes
  SWP: [blank]
  SOP: X

  Row 5:
  Task: Sampling from boats
  Risk Level: High
  Critical Task: Yes
  SWP: [blank]
  SOP: X

9.3 Safety-Sensitive Positions

A safety-sensitive position is defined as one which if not performed in a safe manner, can cause direct and significant damage to property, and/or injury to the employee, other staff, the public and/or the immediate environment, and also includes positions involving safety-sensitive decisions (e.g., a supervisor who is required to make safety-related decisions for how the work is carried out).

These positions typically involve tasks where a lapse in attention, judgment, or physical/psychological capability could lead to significant harm or danger.

Example of safety-sensitive positions include:

• Operating a motor vehicle
• Operating tools and heavy machinery
• Performing tasks at heights
• Taks that require the use of firearms
• Working near or over water
• Working in environments with potential exposure to hazardous substances or dangerous conditions (e.g., asbestos, fires)
• Handling hazardous substances
• Performing tasks in low-light conditions
• Performing tasks in confined spaces
• Tasks with a risk of electrical shock
• Roles requiring high levels of alertness and precision
• Roles that require dealing with individuals exhibiting volatile or violent behaviours.

Managers and supervisors must consider the safety-sensitive element of each position when assessing the risks associated with each task[6].

• • • Refer to section 22 of this standard for a link to Parks Canada’s Impairment Awareness and Prevention Policy which includes a guide on identifying safety-sensitive positions and a list of positions that have already been identified as safety-sensitive due to the nature of the tasks, activities, environment, and hazards.

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10. SAFE WORK PRACTICES (SWP) AND STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)

Safe work practices (SWPs) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are administrative control measures in the form of a document that provide instructions on “how” to perform a task safely. They are developed as the result of required (critical task) or recommended control measures following the task hazard analysis (THA) process; hence, every SWP and SOP must have an associated THA (i.e., a SWP/SOP is a control measure based on the results of a THA). These control measures are used in addition to other control measures, as per the hierarchy of controls, and are usually not the only method used for mitigating the hazard. Job-specific training required for a task is also part of administrative control measures and is reflected in both SWPs and SOPs.

During the risk analysis phase, tasks that rate moderate or higher – before control measures are implemented – qualify as “critical tasks.” Defining a task as critical will guide the requirement for the use of SWPs and SOPs as mandatory control measures.

• Critical tasks/activities that are complex in nature and/or have specific orders of operations will require the development/use of a SOP (refer to section 10.2).
• Critical tasks/activities that are not considered complex in nature and/or do not have specific orders of operations will require the development/use of a SWP (as a minimum requirement) for the purpose of performing the task safely.
• Non-critical tasks/activities (i.e., “low” risk tasks): a SWP or SOP may be developed/used; the decision will be guided by the results of the THA and recommended control measures for the identified hazards. 

10.1 Safe Work Practice (SWP)

A safe work practice (SWP) is a document that provides a set of simple and generic “Do’s and Don’ts” instructions that explains how to carry out a potentially hazardous task, such as climbing a ladder or using a chainsaw or other dangerous power tools. The document includes a short description of a given task, associated hazards, training requirements, personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment needed for the task and a description of “how” the task or activity must be performed safely.  

Managers/supervisors may need to engage the assistance of internal or external expertise, and relevant subject matter expert (SME) to assist in fully understanding the hazards and appropriate control measures required in some SWPs.

 

Important! As part of an ongoing review cycle, Parks Canada has already implemented this fundamental process at a national level, while considering critical tasks collectively performed by many employees (refer to section 9.2). Generic safe work practices (SWPs) available for agency-wide use were developed as a result of this analysis which was initiated to encompass most common hazards in the workplace. The process was facilitated by a national working group of functional and operational subject matter experts (SME) with technical support from national and regional OHS advisors and coordinators. The result of the national implementation of the THA process is the national inventory of generic safe work practices, which lists the SWPs in alphabetical order.

 

10.1.1 Developing a Safe Work Practice (SWP)

As per the results of the risk analysis from relevant THAs that were carried out based on your task inventory/inventories, identify any critical tasks (i.e., risk level is moderate or higher) and non-critical tasks (i.e., risk level is “low”).

The document should include information such as:

a) A short description of the task and the purpose of the work or process;

b) Specific information regarding the potential hazards and associated risks of the task;

c) Any training requirements for performing the task;

d) Personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment needed for the task;

e) A description of “how” the task or activity must be performed in a safe manner in the form of Do’s and Don’ts; and

f) Emergency procedures and shutdown, if applicable.

10.2. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

A SOP is a document that describes in further detail how an employee is to perform the task with a more elaborate set of instructions (i.e., from the pre-task planning and preparation phase to performing the actual job, usually broken down by step of the task/activity as per THA, including a section on post-task review when applicable). Unlike SWPs, SOPs are not generic but highly specific and based on the actual risk factors involved considering the types of equipment, that is, brands and models, conditions (e.g., confined space entry), etc.

SOPs need to be monitored, reviewed, and corrected as necessary in accordance with experience and changes in work conditions. SOPs must be developed/used (as a minimum requirement) for critical tasks that are complex in nature and/or have specific orders of operations.

• A complex task is one that involves multiple steps, requires specialized skills or knowledge, and may have various risks involved. These tasks often require careful planning, coordination, supervision, and specific steps/orders of operations to ensure they are done safely.

• A task with specific orders of operations means generally one where, if steps are missed or done in the wrong order, is likely to lead to an accident or injury. Following a precise sequence is crucial to ensure that each step is completed safely and effectively. Any deviation from the correct order could result in hazards or unsafe conditions, making it important for employees to be properly trained and follow procedures and other work instructions.

10.2.1 Developing a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

The process of developing SOPs requires consultation with the associated THA and references to the manufacturer’s or supplier’s user manuals or information may be required to assist in provision of accurate information. Based on the task inventory/inventories and relevant THAs determine which tasks are deemed critical tasks (i.e., risk level is moderate or higher). Then, for each critical task/activity, determine if they are complex in nature and/or have specific orders of operations.  In such case, an SOP must be developed/used in lieu of a SWP as it provides precise details on how to perform the task safely. SOPs should be written with sufficient detail to ensure that someone with limited experience or knowledge of the procedure, but with basic understanding, can successfully carry out the procedure in a safe manner when unsupervised. They should be written in concise, logical, step-by-step, easy-to-read and plain language format.

SOPs are written by managers/supervisors in collaboration with employees who have good knowledge of the task and have experience in performing the task. Consultation with others involved in the task may be required and is encouraged. In some circumstances, additional expertise may be required, and this should be sought where applicable. The local OHS committee or representative should also be involved in the process.

The SOP document should include information such as:

a) A short description of the task and the purpose of the work or process;

b) Specific information regarding the potential hazards and associated risks of the task;

c) Precautions required to eliminate or adequately reduce the risk prior to commencing the task;

d) Any training requirements for performing the task;

e) Personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment needed for the task;

f) Clear and simple (step-by-step) instructions for undertaking the task safely.

 

 

10.3 Information common to safe Work Practices (SWPs) and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Where applicable, SWPs and SOPs shall also include:

• The environment where the task should be undertaken.
• A section identifying the conditions (climatic or other) that make the task unsafe to the point of preventing or delaying the performance of the task and describe the best procedures for each circumstance.
• Reference to any legislative information or standards that are appropriate and have been considered in the development of the SWP/SOP.
• Definitions of any specialized or unusual terms.
• Mechanisms that will support psychological health and safety, as described in the 13 psychosocial risk factors, whenever there are existing or potential psychosocial hazards. For example:
• How will interpersonal conflicts be addressed and resolved should they arise?
• How will I support an employee who is involved in, or witness to, workplace harassment and violence?
  • How will I support an employee who witnesses or is exposed to traumatic events in the workplace?
  • What steps can be taken to mitigate feelings of loneliness or depression for an employee working in an isolated environment?
  • If workload is an issue that cannot be eliminated, can administrative procedures be adapted before performance becomes an issue?
  • Can I ensure that all my employees are confident with their knowledge, skills and abilities to perform the work?
• Correct environmental, cleanup and waste disposal measures if applicable.
• Reference to any specific emergency procedures or shutdown procedures that apply.
• Indication that observance of the SWP/SOP in its entirety by the employees is a condition of employment, that failure to observe these procedures could lead to injuries and appropriate corrective action.
• Indication that all persons involved in the task, operation, or activity review the THA/SWP/SOP at a minimum of annually and confirm this review using the OHS Training and Education Attestation Form.

 

 

• Image Description (Did you know?)

  Did you know? A task hazard analysis (THA) is required for each task performed by an employee. The THA will identify control measures to mitigate the hazards identified and assessed. Depending on risk level, one control measure could be the implementation of a safe work practice (SWP) and/or standard operating procedure (SOP). The current national inventory of generic SWPs and SOPs could potentially be used for mitigating hazards identified within any new or existing THA if the task in question is similar in nature. For example, several directorates are required to travel by helicopter for the purpose of performing their duties, such as those assigned to avalanche control, or those assigned to the national fire management program, or even within search and rescue teams. These positions all have their own THAs for their respective tasks; however, they may refer to the same SWP (i.e., “Traveling in a Helicopter”) for that part of their job.

 

• Image Description (Figure 4 — Safe Work Practice (SWP) and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Requirement Flowchart)

  The diagram shows a decision-making process starting with a Task Hazard Analysis (THA).

  Flow sequence:

  1. Start with Task Hazard Analysis (THA), which represents a hazard assessment.
  2. Question: “Is task critical?”
     • If Yes: proceed to next question.
     • If No: result is “SWP/SOP optional — control measure guided by results of THA.”
  3. If Yes: Next question is “Is task complex in nature and/or has specific orders of operations?”
     • If Yes: Minimum requirement is a SOP.
     • If No: Minimum requirement is a SWP.

  Key notes (from side text box):
  Not all THAs require a SWP or SOP. Other supporting documents — such as manufacturer’s instructions, existing standard operating procedures, or equipment manuals — may be sufficient. In those cases, the THA must reference these documents as part of the control measures. When it is determined that a SWP or SOP is required as part of chosen administrative measures, the type of document must follow this flowchart.

 

Note 10: A critical task that is complex in nature and/or has specific orders of operations will require the development of a SOP, as a minimum requirement. A critical task that is not complex in nature or does not have specific orders of operations will require the development of a SWP as a minimum requirement. This does not prevent a manager/supervisor to opt for the development of a SOP due to the nature of the work. SWPs and/or SOPs may be developed for non-critical tasks should this be identified as an appropriate control measures based on the THA and specific context around the task. There may be instances where, because of the nature of the work, both a SWP (Do’s and Don’ts) and a SOP (step-by-step instructions) are required for a given task. In this case, the SWP would refer to the associated SOP and vice versa. The SOP would list any applicable SWPs that are associated with the task. This approach will be guided by the results of the THA and the specific context of the task.

 

Tools for implementation: SWP/SOP Implementation Process Flowchart (Annex B2) THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet (available through the regional/national OHS coordinator) SWP Template (refer to section 22 for link) SOP Template (refer to section 22 for link)

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11. OTHER TYPES OF HAZARD ASSESSMENTS

In addition to task hazard analyses (THAs), managers/supervisors may be required to conduct other types of hazard assessments. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Workplace assessments (WA) which are specific to harassment and violence in the workplace.
• Daily hazard assessments and field level hazard assessments which may be required for projects or instances where work, environmental, and/or personal conditions may vary due to circumstances.
• Hazardous substances investigations, confined spaces assessments, noise hazard investigations, air quality investigations, ergonomic assessments, psychological well-being assessments, etc.

11.1 Workplace Assessments (WA)

A workplace assessment (WA) must be conducted in every Parks Canada workplace. This type of assessment pertains to the workplace and consists of identifying internal and external risk factors that may contribute to workplace harassment and violence. A WA is carried out by management in collaboration with employees from that workplace.

The assessment must take into account the culture, conditions, activities and organizational structure of the workplace; circumstances external to the workplace such as family or domestic violence, that could give rise to harassment and violence; reports, records, and data that pertain to harassment and violence; the physical design of the workplace; and the measures that are in place to protect psychological health and safety. The review of the WA is required every three (3) years and, when required as per the Harassment and Violence Prevention and Resolution Policy.

• • • Refer to section 22 (References and Resources) of this standard for link to Parks Canada’s WA form which includes a pre-populated list of risk factors, which shall be adapted to the workplace for which the assessment is being completed. Risk factors may be removed if they don’t apply to the workplace or new risk factors may be added when necessary. 

11.2 Daily Hazard Assessments (DHA) and Field Level Hazard Assessments (FLHA)

In addition to task hazard analyses (THAs), daily hazard assessments (DHAs) and field level hazard assessments (FLHAs) may be required. Both are similar in nature (e.g., identification and assessment of hazards, and risk control) and often complement each other but there are some nuances between the two. Completing a DHA and FLHA may be necessary depending on the task/activity planned for the day and potential hazards.  

DHAs and FLHAs are conducted to ensure the safety of staff who operate outside of traditional workplaces (i.e., office settings), such as construction sites, remote locations, or any area where fieldwork is performed, and must be documented prior to the commencement of work.

• Daily hazard assessment (DHA) is a routine check conducted at the beginning of each workday or shift to identify and address potential health and safety hazards associated with the task/activity planned for the day (refer to section 22 for link to Hazard Assessment Procedure for further information). The primary goals are to ensure a safe working environment and to communicate hazards and mitigate risks before work begins. They are usually carried out in a common location (e.g. operations compound) with all affected staff and led by the manager/supervisor with the participation of employees.
• Field level hazard assessment (FLHA) is a systematic process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential hazards in a specific fieldwork environment. FLHAs ensure that all employees know the hazards that directly affect them and the steps to eliminate or mitigate each of those hazards. They are carried out at field level meaning right where the work is being performed, and usually follows the DHA that took place before arriving onsite. They are usually completed by the employee(s) who is/are assigned the work upon arriving onsite and may include the review of other reference documents such as pre-task checklists.  

This type of assessment needs to be completed (and documented) every time a factor in the task changes, a new employee is assigned to the task, or the job location changes. Even if the task or situation seems the same, FLHAs must be completed at field level (onsite) every day before the work begins and reviewed throughout the day as many changes can occur while the work is being performed, such as weather changes, night/day crew changes, third party personnel coming through the area to do work, etc. The additional hazards identified at field level can be added to the THA (if relevant) to ensure appropriate control measures are documented for other employees who do similar work.

11.2.1 Methodology

Key elements of a DHA and FLHA are similar to those of a THA, and include:

1. Inspection: Conducting a visual inspection of the work area to identify any new or existing hazards for which no control measures have been selected, such as spills, debris, equipment malfunctions, or environmental changes.
2. Hazard Identification: Recognizing specific hazards related to the tasks planned for the day.
3. Risk Analysis: Assessing the likelihood and severity of incidents resulting from exposure to identified hazards to prioritize the order in which control measures are implemented.
4. Control Measures: Implementing strategies to eliminate or mitigate risks, such as engineering controls, administrative controls, and using personal protective equipment (PPE).
5. Training and Communication: Informing all employees about potential hazards and the measures in place to address them, and providing the necessary training to work safely.
6. Documentation: Recording the findings and actions taken during the assessment for future reference and compliance purposes.
7. Monitoring and Review: Continuously monitoring the work environment throughout the day to ensure new hazards are promptly addressed and control measures remain effective.

 

Tools for implementation: Workplace Assessment (WA) Form – Harassment and Violence (refer to section 22 for link) Daily Hazard Assessment (DHA) Form (refer to section 22 for link) Field Level Hazard Assessment (FLHA) Form (refer to section 22 for link) Workplace Hazards (examples) (Annex C) Inventory of OHS Hazards (refer to section 22 for link) Risk Estimator Matrix (Annex E) Hazard Assessment Procedure (refer to section 22 for link)

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12. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MONITORING

The Occupational Health Monitoring Program (OHMP) is a regulatory requirement under the Canada Labour Code, Part II, that is complimentary to Parks Canada’s Hazard Prevention Program.

The purpose in monitoring employee health through health evaluations is to detect and prevent illness and disability that could arise out of, or be aggravated by, conditions of work, and ensure employees can work without detriment to their health and safety, or that of others.

Managers/supervisors are responsible to determine which employees must undergo health evaluations based on the hazards associated with the employee’s work (i.e. review of relevant THAs) and as prescribed by applicable occupational health evaluation protocols. All health evaluations are conducted by medical professionals and are required either upon hiring (pre-placement evaluations) and/or on a periodical basis for designated occupations (e.g., annually, every 2 years, etc.).

Before any work is assigned or carried out, it is imperative that employees subject to health evaluations successfully complete any applicable occupational health assessment in accordance with PC's OHMP, thus ensuring their ability to perform their tasks safely.

• • • Refer to section 22 (References and Resources) of this standard for a link to Parks Canada’s Occupational Health Monitoring Program which includes a link to consult the various occupational health evaluation protocols that apply to Parks Canada.

 

Tools for implementation: PC Occupational Health Monitoring Protocols (refer to section 22 for link) Occupational Health Monitoring Services – Cheat Sheet (refer to section 22 for link) Health Evaluations – Qs & As for Employees (refer to section 22 for link)

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13. APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL MEASURES

Field Unit Superintendents (FUS) and Directors (for National Office directorates) are accountable for OHS within their area of authority; therefore, they are responsible to approve any new control measures that are proposed to mitigate risk. During the cyclical review process (required every three (3) years), both new and existing control measures that are maintained must be approved and/or endorsed[7] by the FUS/Director.

The local OHS committee or representative must be consulted during this process. Other stakeholders and technical support personnel that may be consulted as necessary include:

• • Relevant subject matter experts (SME)
  • Regional/National OHS Coordinator
  • Local HR/OHS personnel (when applicable)
  • National OHS and Wellness Team
  • Other Parks Canada programs/directorates/branches

• Approval/endorsement of control measures must be documented.

 

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14. CONSULTATION PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING OR UPDATING THA/SWP/SOP

Managers/supervisors must consult the Regional/National OHS Coordinator when the need for a new or an update to an existing THA/SWP/SOP has been identified. They will be guided on process and next steps in accordance with the established local or national consultation process (refer to Annex B3). 

In the course of consultations, there may be additional requirements to consider, such as providing the document(s) in both official languages, in accordance with applicable legislation and policies.    

• Local Process (document is locally created or adapted): the author/editor is responsible for the translation[9] of document(s) where required.
• National Process (document is of national scope and/or from the generic inventory): Such documents must be available in both official language prior to consultations as they are reviewed by the HPP Implementation Working Group and are of national scope.  

Tools for implementation: Procedure for the Review and Use of THA/SWP/SOP (refer to section 22 for link) Consultation Process for Developing or Updating THA/SWP/SOP (Annex B3) THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet (available through the regional/national OHS coordinator)

 

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15. TRAINING AND EDUCATION

15.1 Basic Requirements

The employer shall provide health and safety training, including training relating to ergonomics and psychological health, to each employee:

• On the hazard prevention program in accordance with this Standard and related Directive, including hazard identification and assessment and the preventive measures taken by the employer.
• The nature of the workplace and the hazards associated with it.
• Whenever new information in respect of a hazard in the workplace becomes available to the employer.
• Before the employee is assigned a new activity or exposed to a new hazard.

15.2 Employee Training

Managers and supervisors must ensure that each employee is informed of and provided with the necessary training, with respect to hazards associated with their work and the preventive measures taken by the employer, on the following program components before performing their duties and before being exposed to a hazard:

i. Successful completion of all mandatory OHS training which includes, but is not limited to, an overview of Part II of the Canada Labour Code and of applicable regulations as offered/delivered in the Parks Canada suite of mandatory OHS trainings (refer to section 22 for links to Parks Canada OHS Training page).

ii. Task hazard analyses (THAs) and relevant safe work practices (SWPs) and/or standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the tasks the employee will be expected to perform, including proper wear and use of PPE.

• • This must be done annually; with new employees; and every time a THA/SWP/SOP has been created or updated.

iii. Job-specific training that may require practical elements (e.g., ATV, confined space, etc.) or specific training requirements related to the nature of the work and associated hazards, relevant industry standards, including any training listed in relevant SWPs/SOPs. 

iv. Nature of work and other associated hazards (e.g., circumstantial, environmental, etc.) that may not be identified in the THA/SWP/SOP or in the absence of a SWP/SOP.

v. Employee’s duty to immediately report the following:

• • Any thing or circumstance that is likely to be hazardous;
  • Every accident that has caused injury or illness;
  • Situations of harassment and violence in the workplace (experienced or witnessed);
  • Every incident that had the potential to cause injury or illness;
  • Other hazardous occurrence that has caused or is likely to cause injury.

Other training requirements (mandatory):

• Employee must be informed and trained on relevant policy instruments applicable to them for performing their duties (e.g., Respiratory Protection Standard, Personal Protective Equipment Standard, Confined Space Standard, Asbestos Management Standard, Occupational Health Monitoring Program, etc.). 

15.3 Managers and Supervisors

Managers and supervisors must be familiar with applicable legislation and standards and trained on hazard prevention program elements such as roles and responsibilities (and accountabilities), conducting hazard assessments and the implementation of appropriate control measures including training and education requirements, and record-keeping requirements.

Managers and supervisors must have knowledge of applicable policy instruments[10] that are relevant to the work and compliment the hazard prevention program (e.g., Respiratory Protection Standard, Personal Protective Equipment Standard, Confined Space Standard, Asbestos Management Standard, Occupational Health Monitoring Program, etc.).

Managers and supervisors must successfully complete all mandatory OHS training which includes, but is not limited to, an overview of Part II of the Canada Labour Code and of applicable regulations, as offered/delivered in the Parks Canada suite of mandatory OHS trainings (refer to section 22 for links to Parks Canada OHS Training page).   

15.4 Parks Canada Executives (PCX)

Parks Canada Executives (senior managers) shall be familiar with applicable legislation and standards, and roles and responsibilities. They must have general knowledge of the hazard prevention program (Directive, Standard and related tools) and of relevant policy instruments applicable to the workplace (e.g., Respiratory Protection Standard, Personal Protective Equipment Standard, Confined Space Standard, Asbestos Management Standard, Occupational Health Monitoring Program, etc.).

Senior managers must successfully complete all mandatory OHS training which includes, but is not limited to, an overview of Part II of the Canada Labour Code and of applicable regulations, as offered/delivered in the Parks Canada suite of mandatory OHS trainings (refer to section 22 for links to Parks Canada OHS Training page).

 

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16. REVIEW AND DOCUMENTATION

Managers/supervisors and their employees will undertake, at a minimum, an annual review of the task hazard analyses (THAs), safe work practices (SWPs) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) applicable to them. Documentation of this review is mandatory and is accomplished by:

• • Employee signature/attestation on the OHS Training and Education Attestation Form; and
  • The manager/supervisor will maintain a list of all applicable THAs/SWPs/SOPs for each position or maintain a list of each THA/SWP/SOP that apply per employee. Each employee will attest in writing the completion of their annual review.

• Records must be in paper or electronic form and retained for two (2) years following the end of their employment with Parks Canada. These include:
  • • Training Records (e.g., OHS Training and Education Attestation Form, training certificates, certification(s) required for the duties);
    • Records of issued personal protective equipment (PPE);
    • Records that concern employee accommodation measures.

• Revisions to existing THAs/SWPs/SOPs: All existing THAs/SWPs/SOPs are considered to be living documents and will be reviewed/modified at any time when:
  • • Work practices change;
    • Legislative requirements change;
    • Equipment is changed or new equipment is introduced;
    • An accident, injury/illness, or incident (near miss) occurs;
    • New hazard information is made available to the employer;
    • Conditions/information associated with a risk and/or hazard change; or
    • At least every three (3) years, whichever comes first.

• THA/SWP/SOP of national scope and/or from the national generic inventory: Documentation relating to new or changes to existing documents are kept and maintained by the National OHS and Wellness Team in collaboration with Regional/National OHS Coordinators and the HPP Implementation Committee. The development or amendment of a national/generic document is subject to national consultations via the HPP Implementation Committee as per the established process (refer to Annex B3).

• THA/SWP/SOP of local scope (locally created or adapted): Documentation relating to new or changes to existing documents are kept and maintained at the local level in collaboration with the Regional/National OHS Coordinator. The development or amendment of a locally created/adapted document is subject to local consultations as per the established process (refer to Annex B3).

16.1 Record-Keeping and Posting of THAs, SWPs and SOPs

• Task Hazard Analyses (THAs): THAs must be kept locally, and a copy must be posted via the Regional/National OHS Coordinator for quality control, sharing, and monitoring purposes.

• Safe Work Practices (SWPs):
  • Generic SWPs will be kept nationally and posted by the National OHS and Wellness Team.
  • Locally created SWPs (in the absence of a generic SWP) will be kept locally and a copy shall be posted via the Regional/National OHS Coordinator for quality control, sharing and monitoring purposes.
  • Generic or local SWPs that are modified (adapted) will be kept locally.

• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): All SOPs must be kept locally, and a copy must be posted via the Regional/National OHS Coordinator for quality control, sharing, and monitoring purposes.

16.2 Summary of documentation required by this Standard

• Task Inventories;
• Task hazard analyses (THAs);
• Safe work practices (SWPs);
• Standard operating procedures (SOPs);
• Other types of hazards assessments and workplace investigations;
• Records of safety-sensitive positions
• Training records;
• Records of issued personal protective equipment (PPE);
• Preventive maintenance records;
• Inspections reports (routine inspections, pre/post-task inspections, monthly workplace inspections);
• Health evaluations reports in accordance with applicable health monitoring protocol(s);
• Records that pertain to employee accommodation and/or fitness for duty where applicable;
• THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet
• Records that are required under other policy instruments that relate to hazard prevention (e.g., fit testing records, etc.).

Tools for implementation: OHS Training and Education Attestation Form (refer to section 22 for link) Consultation Process for Developing or Updating THA/SWP/SOP (Annex B3) THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet (available through the regional/national OHS coordinator)

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17. COMPLIANCE

Compliance with this standard is mandatory. Hazard prevention is a legislative requirement and the procedure must be followed as outlined in this standard and relevant policy instruments. Failure of a Parks Canada employee – at any level – to comply with this standard may be considered as misconduct and, therefore, be subject to consequences as per applicable Parks Canada policies.

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18. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Parks Canada, in consultation with the National OHS Policy Committee, will monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the hazard prevention program and, if necessary, revise or update:

• At least every three (3) years;
• Whenever there is a change in conditions in respect of the hazards, or
• Whenever new hazard information in respect of a hazard in the workplace becomes available.

The program will be evaluated in accordance with section 19.7 of the Canada OHS Regulations and shall be based on the following documents and information:

• Conditions related to the workplace and the activities of the employees;
• Any workplace inspections reports;
• Any Hazardous Occurrence Investigation Reports (HOIRs);
• Any OHS audits;
• First aid records and any injury statistics, including records and statistics relating to ergonomics and psychological well-being;
• Reports of identified hazards, OHS complaints, and work refusals;
• Annual reports, activity reports and internal surveys;
• Any observations of the National OHS Policy Committee, local OHS committees or representatives, on the effectiveness of the hazard prevention program; and
• Any other relevant information.

Monitoring and evaluation will take into account data gathered from field/business units on the various activities conducted locally as well as training, qualifications and educational data. The data will be measured against the established performance indicators. Field/business units must ensure that appropriate documentation on program activities is maintained and reported as required. In addition, all new hazards that are not currently identified in the inventory of occupational health and safety (OHS) hazards must be reported to the local OHS committee or representative whom will include those hazards on the annual OHS committee report.

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19. LIAISON

To assist Field/Business Units (FU/BU) and Directorates in applying a consistent approach in the management of this Standard, each Program within a FU/BU/Directorate should identify a liaison who will work with the manager/supervisor and the Regional/National OHS Coordinator, in conjunction with the National OHS and Wellness Team to:

• Assist in the identification of critical tasks performed by staff within their work unit/section/program/branch, including ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors.
• Identify THA/SWPs/SOPs which correspond to tasks performed by employees in their Program.
• Assist in the development of appropriate THA/SWPs/SOPs if none exist, in coordination with experienced in-house staff and stakeholders.
• Consult with employees, managers/supervisors, local OHS committees and representatives, the Regional/National OHS Coordinator and the National OHS and Wellness Team when developing, modifying, or updating THA/SWPs/SOPs.
• Inform the Regional/National OHS Coordinator and the National OHS and Wellness Team when revising/updating THA/SWPs/SOPs to ensure consultation with other programs within a FU/Directorate performing the same tasks.
• Ensure the Regional/National OHS Coordinator and the National OHS and Wellness Team that the most recent version of a THA/SWP/SOP is being revised/updated by a program to prevent development of different THA/SWPs/SOPs or inconsistent versions of the same THA/SWP/SOP.
• Allow the Regional/National OHS Coordinator and the National OHS and Wellness Team to facilitate a timely consultation process and review by local OHS committees and representatives and posting of the new or revised THA/SWP/SOP in both official languages on ParksNet and Confluence page.
• Promote a healthy workplace by regularly sharing available resources on physical and psychological health and safety.

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20. REVISIONS

This standard shall be reviewed and updated as required at least every three (3) years. Revisions shall be approved by the Vice-President Human Resources and Employee Wellness upon recommendation by the National OHS Policy Committee.

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21. ENQUIRIES

Any enquiries or concerns regarding this Standard should be addressed to the Regional/National OHS Coordinator. 

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22. REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

Legislation

• Access to Information Act
• Canada Labour Code, Part II (Occupational Health and Safety)
  • Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
  • Work Place Harassment and Violence Prevention Regulations
  • Maritime Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
  • Aviation Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
  • Policy Committees, Work Place Committees and Health and Safety Representative Regulations
• Canada Labour Code, Part IV (Administrative Monetary Penalties)
• Canadian Human Rights Act
• Criminal Code
• Employment Equity Act
• Financial Administration Act
• Hazardous Products Act
  • Hazardous Products Regulations
• Official Languages Act
• Privacy Act
• Provincial and Territorial Workers Compensation Boards Acts and Regulations
• Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act

Parks Canada Publications

• ParksNet – OHS Page: Occupational Health and Safety
  • Occupational Health, Safety and Wellness Policy
  • Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Accountability Framework
• Confluence – OHS Page (OHS policy instruments)
• OHS Training (mandatory and job-specific)
  • OHS Level 1 (employees)
  • OHS Level 2 (managers/supervisors)
  • OHS Level 3 (OHS committees and representatives)
  • Preventing Harassment and Violence in the Workplace  

OHS Policy Instruments:  

-        Construction Safety Standard (to be developed)

-        Fall Protection Standard (to be developed)

-        Guidelines on Prevention of Exposure to Solar Radiation

-        Guidelines on Working Outdoors in Low Light Conditions

-        Hazard Prevention Directive

-        Hazardous Occurrence Investigation Recording and Reporting

-        Hearing Conservation Standard

-        Lock-Out, Tag-Out (to be developed)

-        Manager’s Guide for Employees Working Alone

-        Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Program

-        Respiratory Protection Program

-        Tools and Machinery (to be developed)

-        Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS)

Partner Programs – Policy Instruments

-        Disability Management

-        Occupational Health Monitoring

• • PC Occupational Health Monitoring Protocols
  • Occupational Health Monitoring Services – Cheat Sheet
  • Health Evaluations – Qs & As for Employees

-        Workplace Harassment and Violence Prevention

-        Workplace Health and Wellness

• • Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) (ParksNet)
  • 13 Psychosocial Factors for a Healthy Workplace(ParksNet)
  • Mental Health Commission of Canada
  • Tools and resources for employees(ParksNet)

Other PC Programs – Policy Instruments

-        Chemicals and Compliance (asbestos, pesticides, treated wood, radon, etc.)

-        Confined Spaces

-        Fire Prevention

-        Fleet Management

• • Marine Vessel Management Directive
  • Heavy Fleet

-        Guide on Hybrid Work Arrangements

• • Remote Work Tipsheet (checklist)

-        Impairment Awareness and Prevention Policy (2018)

 

Hazard Prevention Program – Toolkit (Forms, Templates, and Tools):

-        Form – Daily Hazard Assessment (DHA)

-        Form – Field Level Hazard Assessment (FLHA)

-        Form – OHS Training and Education Attestation (previously SWP Attestation Form)

-        Form – Task Hazard Analysis (THA)

-        Form – Task Inventory

-        Form –THA/SWP/SOP Inventory Tracking Sheet

-        Form – Workplace Assessment (WA) – specific to Harassment and Violence

-        Flowchart – Task Inventory Process

-        Flowchart – THA Process

-        Flowchart – SWP/SOP Implementation Process

-        Flowchart – Consultation Process for Developing or Updating THA/SWP/SOP

-        Hazard Assessment Procedure

-        National Inventory of generic THAs, SWPs, SOPs

-        PC Inventory of OHS Hazards

-        Procedure for the Review and Use of THA/SWP/SOP

-        Record of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

-        Risk Estimator Matrix

-        Template – Safe Work Practice (SWP)

-        Template – Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

CSA Standards

• CSA Z1000: Occupational Health and Safety Management System
• CSA Z1002: Occupational Health and Safety – Hazard Identification and Elimination and Risk Assessment and Control (R2022)
• CSA Z1003: National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace
• Assembling the Pieces: An Implementation Guide to the National Standard for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace

Note 11: The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is the most widely accepted regulatory agency in Canada. CSA is an independent, not-for-profit membership association that encompasses standards development, training and advisory solutions, global testing and certification services, as well as consumer product evaluation services. Currently 40 per cent of all the standards issued by CSA are referenced in Canadian legislation.

 

Government of Canada Publications

• Centre of Expertise on Mental Health in the Workplace – Canada.ca
• Hazard Prevention Program Guide (Labour Program)
• Interpretations, Policies and Guidelines (IPGs) (Labour Program)
• Occupational Health and Safety in federally regulated workplaces (Labour Program)
• Psychological Health in the Workplace – Canada.ca

Canada Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)

• CCOHS: Psychological Health and Safety Program - Assessing Psychosocial Hazards
• Hazard and Risk – Hierarchy of Controls
• Healthy Minds at Work
• Mental Health – Psychosocial Risk Factors in the Workplace
• Mental Health – How to Address and Support
• Job Safety Analysis

Others

• Psychologically Safe and Healthy Workplaces: Risk Management Approach Toolkit (Government of Western Australia
• Psychologically Safe Team Assessment

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23. ANNEXES